钚及其裂变产物钯 、银 、镉 、锡 、锑 、锆的系统分离方法

描述了钚及其6种裂变产物钯、银、镉、锡、锑、锆的系统分离方法：在强碱性阴离子交换树脂柱上将盐酸介质的辐照靶溶解液中的这些元素分为5组，然后再针对各组目标元素进行分离和纯化，可简便快速地从同一份靶溶解液中分离以上7种元素。采用辐照铀靶对分离方法进行了验证，结果表明，分离流程对6种裂变产物的化学回收率均大于70%，对γ谱仪测量干扰的主要核素去污因子均大于1.0×10³，可满足²³⁹Pu裂变谷区核素裂变产额测量对化学分离的要求。     

转底炉处理赤泥工艺技术

为了综合利用氧化铝冶炼产生的赤泥，探索在转底炉中直接还原赤泥、磨矿磁选获得高品位直接还原铁。通过实验室试验摸索了转底炉还原工艺参数，并在转底炉工业试验线进行了工业试验。实验室结果表明，赤泥还原后的直接还原铁(DRI)金属化率可达88.6%，磁选后的铁品位可达82.1%，磁选后的铁回收率可达88.9%。工业试验中，转底炉还原后，产品金属化率平均为69.2%，将还原后的DRI磁选获得高品位的DRI产品，磁选后DRI的铁品位为72.8%，磁选后铁回收率达到了85.2%,初步打通了在转底炉中还原赤泥、磁选的工艺路径。     

Purex流程铀钚分离工艺单元数学模型研究

在铀钚分离工艺单元单级数学模型和混合澄清槽瞬态数学模型的基础上，建立了以U(Ⅳ)-N₂H₄为还原反萃剂、混合澄清槽为萃取设备的Purex流程铀钚分离工艺单元数学模型，开发了计算机模拟程序，并使用台架实验数据对程序的可靠性进行了验证。结果表明，模拟程序的计算值和实验值符合良好。在此基础上，利用模拟软件对铀钚分离工艺单元的工艺参数进行了计算分析，结果表明：1BX₁加入位置、1BS和1BX₂酸度对钚反萃率无太大影响，但1BX₁加入位置和补萃级数对钚中去铀系数SF_U/Pu有一定影响。     

铋精矿加压氧化氨浸高效分离铜、硫和铋

针对湖南柿竹园铋精矿火法冶炼过程中存在的成本高、低浓度SO₂和散烟排放污染环境、有价金属综合回收率低等问题, 以柿竹园铋精矿为原料, 提出了加压氧化氨浸分离铋与铜、硫的新工艺, 研究了氨水加入量、浸出温度、浸出时间、浸出压力及浸出液固比等因素对铜、硫、铋浸出率的影响。在氨水用量1.8 mL/g_铋精矿、液固比4∶1、釜压2.8 MPa、浸出温度160 ℃、浸出时间5 h、搅拌速度600 r/min的优化工艺条件下, 铜、硫浸出率分别达93.57%和92.87%, 铋不浸出并以氧化铋形态全部入渣, 实现了铜、硫与铋的高效分离。     

临涣选煤厂粗煤泥回收工艺优化的实践应用

临涣选煤厂针对洗选过程中存在的精煤泥旋流器组溢流跑粗、精煤泥弧形筛筛下水跑粗、精煤泥弧形筛脱水效果较差等问题，重点开展精煤泥分级旋流器组入料分配不均匀、筛分错配物影响、弧形筛脱水效果的现场攻关和研究。现场大量试验表明:通过停止精煤泥旋流器组，增加精煤泥弧形筛数量、减小筛缝尺寸，改变精煤泥弧形筛击打，改用高频脱水筛等方式，从源头上解决了精煤泥分级旋流器组跑粗，明显改善了精煤泥弧形筛筛下水跑粗的问题，提高了精煤泥弧形筛分选效果。在降低介泥灰分、减少浮选过程中粗颗粒的含量、缓解浮选回收压力、降低降低浮选油耗、提高浮选精煤灰分、保证精煤产率、节约生产成本方面有实践意义。     

某含锌锡多金属硫化矿石锌浮选试验研究

某含锌锡多金属硫化矿石Zn、Sn、Fe、S含量分别为6.04%、1.05%、29.33%、19.08%，锌主要以铁闪锌矿、闪锌矿的形式存在，锡主要以锡石的形式存在，铁主要以黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿等形式存在，其中的金属矿物共生关系密切，相互包裹现象普遍。为确保不影响后续选锡，对锌浮选流程进行了试验研究。结果表明：矿石在磨矿细度为-0.074 mm占80%的情况下，采用预先脱硫—锌硫混浮再分离流程处理，在选择硫酸铜为锌矿物活化剂、丁基黄药为捕收剂、松醇油为起泡剂、石灰为黄铁矿抑制剂的情况下，经1段脱硫、2粗1扫锌硫混浮、1粗2精锌硫分离，锌硫分离精选尾矿与锌硫混浮扫选精矿2次精选后锌硫分离，最终获得锌精矿Zn品位47.06%、回收率90.76%，试验指标良好。     

广东某复杂铜铅锌矿浮选试验研究

广东某复杂铜铅锌矿石中的矿物嵌布粒度较细且相互包裹，导致现场铜、铅、锌浮选分离困难，为解决此问题进行了选矿试验研究。结果表明：在选铜时，选用FK 1与DS组合抑制铅锌，可有效解决精矿的互含问题；在高碱工艺下，采用先铜后锌的优先浮选工艺，铜铅粗泡再磨后经2次精选，能获得铜品位为2110%、回收率为8088%的铜精矿，铅锌总含量为1023%，达到铜精矿四级品要求；采用1粗2精2扫流程处理选铜尾矿，获得了锌品位为5217%、回收率为9278%的锌精矿。试验所用药剂全部为常规药剂，试验流程结构简单，现场实施比较容易，可作为现场改造的依据。     

Effects of phenylenediamines and alkoxysilanes on gas transport properties of polyimide - silica hybrid membranes

Gas transport properties of polyimides (PIs) and their silica hybrids were investigated. The PIs synthesized with several methyl-substituted phenylenediamines were hybridized with silica via a sol–gel process with different alkoxysilanes. The prepared hybrid membranes showed controlled gas permselectivity, depending on the selected phenylenediamines and alkoxysilanes. It was worth noting that the hybrids prepared with tetraethoxysilane possessed improved CO₂ permselectivity with increasing silica content, which tended to exceed the upper-bound trade-off line. This fact suggested the additional formation of free volume holes especially favorable for the CO₂/CH₄ separation around the polymer/silica interfacial area.     

A new composite of crystalline silicotitanate for sequestration of 137Cs and 90Sr from low-level aqueous waste solution

ABSTRACT

A new composite of crystalline silicotitanate (CST) has been synthesized for the sequestration of Cs and Sr from low-level liquid waste generated in the nuclear industry. The product characterization using X-RAY DEFRACTION (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of CST crystals in the composite. Sorption studies carried out under various test conditions showed that the composite has high affinity for both Cs and Sr. Results of structural characterization of Cs and Sr-loaded CST indicated that the overall structural integrity remained intact after substitution of Na⁺ by Cs⁺ or Sr²⁺. The exceedingly good Cs and Sr sorption performance displayed by the CST composite will find applications in the treatment of nuclear waste.     

Zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF)-based mixed matrix membranes for CO2 separation: A review

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), which combine the good separation performance of inorganic materials with the low cost of polymers, have emerged as a research hotspot for gas separation membranes. Zeolite imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are widely used as fillers to prepare MMMs owing to their advantageous characteristics, such as adjustable pore channels, unsaturated sites, and easy functionalization. For MMMs, three directions can be employed as criteria for improvement compared with pristine polymeric membranes. In this article, the progress of ZIF-based MMMs is reviewed from the aspects of sole-ZIF-based MMMs and modified ZIF-based MMMs. Both strategies improve the separation performance through different improvement directions and mechanisms. Our analysis shows that the synergistic effect of the modified filler can change the structure of the membranes, such as by improving the filler–polymer interface voids, which provides a foundation to overcome the trade-off effect to a certain extent. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48968.